This post hoc analysis aimed to evaluate whether the efficacy and hypoglycemia risk associated with once-weekly insulin icodec vary by age, ethnicity, or race among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data were pooled from five randomized controlled ONWARDS trials (N=3765), conducted across 35 countries, comparing once-weekly icodec with once-daily insulin regimens.
Participants were stratified by age (<55, 55–64, ≥65 years), ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic/Latino), and race (Asian, Black, White, Other). Primary outcomes included change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at study endpoints (week 26 to 78) and hypoglycemia events, analyzed using ANCOVA, ANOVA, and negative binomial regression.
The analysis revealed that the glycemic efficacy of icodec was comparable to once-daily insulin across all demographic subgroups, with no significant interactions observed (P >.05). Odds ratios for achieving HbA1c <7% without significant hypoglycemia were similarly favorable across groups. Notably, younger and Hispanic/Latino participants exhibited higher baseline HbA1c, while older and Asian participants had lower baseline body mass index.
Although findings were consistent, limitations included underrepresentation of participants aged ≥75 years and Black individuals, as well as variability in baseline characteristics. Nonetheless, results support the uniform application of icodec without dose modifications based on demographic factors.
